Guidelines for ideal language learning activities (& II)

Doughty and Long (2003) used Task-Based Language Teaching theory to derive ten methodological principles, or language teaching universals, which may guide the design of ideal tasks:

1. Use Task, Not Text, as the Unit of Analysis
2. Promote Learning by Doing
3. Elaborate Input
4. Provide Rich Input
5. Encourage Inductive ("Chunk") Learning
6. Focus on Form
7. Provide Negative Feedback
8. Respect Developmental Processes and "Learner Syllabuses"
9. Promote Co-Operative/Collaborative Learning
10. Individualize Instruction

• What is task based language teaching? a presentation by David Nunan.
• International Conference on Task-Based Language Teaching, 2005